Homelessness - 1449 Words

Homelessness Home has become such a scattered, damaged, various concept in our present travails. There is so much yearn for#8230;How hard can we expect even a pair of magic shoes to work? They promise to take us home, but#8230; will they permit us to redefine the blessed word? -Salman Rushdie (HopperBaumohl p.3). Homeless people all around the world, stopped believing in ruby slippers a long time ago, because they know that fairy tales will not get them out of their predicament. They must struggle on their own, with the puny help of the government and the efforts of good-hearted people. Homelessness, a devastating experience for people, disrupts virtually every aspect of family life, damaging the physical and emotional health of†¦show more content†¦Family fights are the most common reason but there are others, that really have no choice, but to leave home and start a new life on the street which is not likely to have a happy ending. Children are very easily lured in to doing inappropriate things. The street-wise people are waiting with their claws sharpened to get holed of innocent children to domineer over. And since the children have no one to reach to out there cling to them and almost always get hurt. There are thrown in the deep end with no life raft. They become prostitutes, dealers, and drug or alcohol abusers. Ofcourse there are children that live on the streets with their family, so the elders do what ever is possible in order for their kids to grow up as normal as they can be. They live in shelters and go to school every morning while the parents go of in search of a job-if they dont have one- and as the evening falls they meet up again and spend the remaining hours as a family. Another type of homeless people-who have suffered a recent surveys of homeless adults report that veterans appear to lot and dont deserve to be in this position- are the veterans. Several compose a substantial part of homeless population. Their presence among homeless populations contradicts popular notions about military service, since the military is perceived as a setting where physically and mentally fit adolescent males mature into men (Richard D. Bingham et al. 65). Also theShow MoreRelatedHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1350 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness There are many parts to the subject of homelessness, of course people talk about the solutions to it like The Ten Year Plan, then there is the history of it starting from the 1640’s. Also there is discussions about Homeless Shelters and more recently Anti-homeless Legislation. Then there are always the staggering statistics. The homeless is a very one minded topic for most. Most people think that the homeless should be helped, cared for, and educated for success. This is true (at leastRead MoreThe Issue Of Homelessness : Homelessness1438 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness is a crucial issue that seems to go unnoticed because apparently there’s more important issue than homelessness. When thinking about homelessness what is the first image that appears in your head? Do you picture adults sleeping under bridges? Do you think of the people whose standing on side the bridge begging for money as the cars pass? Or do you think of the other people sitting in front of the s tore asking for money? Is that all you see when you imagine someone being homelessRead MoreHomelessness And Poverty And Homelessness1699 Words   |  7 PagesCenter on Homelessness and Poverty 7) While a portion of today’s society turns a blind eye to the subject of the criminalization of homelessness, an even larger quantity of people are not aware of the situation that is happening in every major city of America. For those living an affluent lifestyle, it can be difficult to discuss the amount of poverty and homelessness that is constantly occurring. The definition and meaning behind the absence of home is also arduous to discuss. While homelessness is commonlyRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesled to homelessness. These barriers may be a numerous amount of things such as substance abuse, personal trauma, unhealthy relationships, health problems, or unemployment. No matter the barrier, goals need to be set and must be realistic. If the goals seem impossible to reach they will be. Finally, there must be a commitment to following through with the set goals and a realization that this is an ongoing process that will not change overnight. There is a misinformed stigma of homelessness, whichRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Homelessness And Homelessness1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe Prevalence of Homelessness In this textual analysis, I’m going to discuss the prevalence of homelessness in the United States. I’ll be using three songs from popular culture that focus on homelessness. Different artists perform these three songs: Avril Lavigne, Bob Dylan, and Nirvana. I’m going to address the values that people who are homeless may have, according to what each artist conveys through their song lyrics. Throughout the lyrics in each song, it seems like the artists are attemptingRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness802 Words   |  4 PagesConclusion Homelessness has been an ongoing problem in the United States and it cannot be decreased until each state comes up with a plan that is affective. However, in order for this to work the economy needs to recover to the point where no one is without a job and is paid a wage that is manageable. The negative stereotypes of judging the homeless needs to be stopped and people need to be educated that homelessness can affect anyone. Although there are many services available to assist the homelessRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness1562 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness We have already past Stone Age and marched towards the modern where we can see fascinating technology and different invention where cancer can be a cured with different medication but homeless still exists and is on the verge of increasing day by day. We can’t imagine ourselves being lost or not knowing where to go or what to do. Spending every day and night either depending on someone else or finding a shelter where you can have a nap. Waking up with the noises of the cars and otherRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1584 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness Awareness At some point in their life, a person has seen or heard of an individual who lives on the streets. The individual who lives on the streets and holds a sign that says they need money for food is consider homeless. Sadly, these individuals are everywhere and the amount of people under this title is slowly increasing. However, in this nation we have the ability to begin decreasing that number. By providing the necessary amount of assistance required to place these individualsRead MoreInvestigation On Homelessness And Homelessness1322 Words   |  6 PagesInvestigation on Homelessness 　 Keileigh Proudfoot 9th October 2016 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Tutor: Mary Valerio Course: NC Social Care Level 5 Contents page Page 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Procedure Read MoreThe Homelessness Epidemic Of Homelessness1958 Words   |  8 Pages The Homelessness Epidemic According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, approximately 564,708 people were homeless on a single night in January of 2015 in the United States (â€Å"The State of Homelessness in 2016†). It is estimated that 250,000 people who suffer from Mental Health illnesses are homeless (Torrey). Providing affordable housing, and access to mental health services for the homeless population are essential components to end the homeless epidemic. Homelessness can be defined

Religions and War Essay - 3499 Words

1. Introduction: Religions and the Holy Texts Those who believe (in the Quran), and those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Christians...and (all) who believe in God and the last day and work righteousness, shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.1 How true is this statement and to what extent do religions not fight each other? Unfortunately, looking back at the holy texts of various religions provides no answers. There are elements and contexts in all of them, which can be correlated with both tolerance and intolerance, indeed contradictory and confusing. Not to forget that those texts are usually abstract, vague, and implicit with ambiguity and every translation is an†¦show more content†¦The concept of ‘Jihad’ was used in order to justify the fight for the ‘injustice of poverty’ (not fight towards non-believers). When a subsequent Khalifah, Bakr was selected, many were claiming themselves the subsequent prophet after Prophet Muhammad. In order to gain recognition and achieve unity in the Islamic world, he launched wars to the surrounding areas. The conquest was continued by his successors as the expansion of power contributed to the accumulation of wealth and talent, finally constituting the grand Islamic civilisation. During that time, the Christians and other believers lived peacefully with the Muslims, paid tax and were well protected.3 These series of ‘Jihad’ depicted the natural rise of a civilisation, like any other civilisations in the world history. They do not fit in the usual conception of ‘religious wars’ that one has in mind, which are battles with explicit aim to exterminate other religions. Subsequently, in the 11t h century in Europe, the crusades were summoned by Pope Urban II, to free Jerusalem from Seljuk Turks, who harassed peaceful Christian pilgrims to the holy land. The war ended after the explicit aim of freeing Jerusalem was achieved. The subsequent crusades in the region were mainly due to the struggle for dominance between Islamic and Christian powers after the establishment of Christian Kingdoms to harvest riches following the victory of the first crusade.4 Hence the very first warShow MoreRelatedCauses of the Wars of Religion.951 Words   |  4 PagesThe political causes of the wars of religion. Throughout history in contemporary Spain before the civil war, violence against persons associated with the Catholic Church, the symbols of their religion or their interests, has been known for its recurrent and prolonged in time as one of the salient dimensioned Spanish anticlericalism, which emerged in the liberal political ideology, then it would be taken up by more radical republican currents and the movement of the workers. were five killingsRead MoreImportance of the Weaknesses of the French Crown in Explaining the Outbreak of the French Wars of Religion in 15621401 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of the Weaknesses of the French Crown in Explaining the Outbreak of the French Wars of Religion in 1562 Previously France had been ruled by Henry II, a strong experienced ruler. It was, however, an unfortunate jousting accident lead to the swift decline of the French monarchy. Henry’s successor, Francis II, was only fifteen years old on his accession to the throne in 1559. He was inexperienced and easily manipulated. Charles IX, a ten year old who relied uponRead MoreReligion : Wars Of Religion1140 Words   |  5 Pages Final Essay-Religion Wars of Religion Before and after the 16 th century, religion was not a characteristic that one used to describe an individual but it was a way of daily life - incorporated into individual and family values, beliefs, and morals. The Church played an active and vital role in the community by offering educational opportunities, the stability of religious presence, and agricultural necessities. These attributes made religion and politics intertwinedRead MoreReligion, Religion And Proliferation Of War1495 Words   |  6 PagesWar, while being the vilest thing that humans can create, has been a part of our human heritage as much as religion. Scholars, historians, and philosophers have pondered upon why mankind is so prone to warfare. While not all humans choose to participate in war or in religion, both have affected each and every individual on this planet somehow. Religion has played a significant role in warfare by either being a motivating factor, moral builder, or even an arbitrator of peace. For as long as the humanRead MoreThe Wars of Religion Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesPolitics and religion in the world of today aren’t subjects that generally go hand in hand in our own society. This was not always the case however; in Europe the two were synonymous up until relatively recently, (recently meant in the loosest sense of the word,) and are still closely tied in foreign parts of the world, the most obvious example being the Middle East. The duos intimate relationship was exemplified during the late sixteenth century, extending into the seventeenth century, during aRead MoreThe Religious Wars Of Religion1465 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 14, 2015 The Religious Wars Before and after the 16th century, religion was not a word or a characteristic that was used to describe any one individual. Rather, religion was like a way of life-incorporated into the individuals and also into family values, beliefs and morals. The church played an important role in the community by offering educational opportunities especially through the monarchies, the stability of religious presence etc. The wars of religion were basically a chain of eventsRead MoreThe Eight Wars Of Religion1587 Words   |  7 Pages The eight wars of religion escalated thought-out 36 years, with intermittent interruptions. The Protestant progressing originated in Northern Europe in the early 16th century. but escalated in the 19th century. It began as a reaction to the Medieval Roman Catholic doctrine and practices. After a procession of European religious wars in the 16th and 17th centuries, and especially in the 19th century, it spread throughout the world. Wherever Protestantism arose, it altered the social, economic, politicalRead MoreThe Eight Wars Of Religion1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe eight wars of religion escalated thought-out 36 years, with intermittent interruptions. The Protestant progressing originated in Northern Europe in the early 16th century. but escalated in the 19th century. It began as a reaction to the Medieval Roman Catholic doctrine and practices. After a procession of European religious wars in the 16th and 17th centuries, and especially in the 19th century, it spread throughout the world. Wherever Protestantism arose, it altered the social, economic, politicalRead MoreDoes Religion Cause War?1463 Words   |  6 PagesDoes religion cause war? Every culture and society in the world has some form of religion. The most popular religions in the world today are Christianity, Buddhism, and the Muslim religions. Other religious sects exist amongst distinct groups. Every religion has some form of philosophy or ideology followed by members. One common thing about the existing religions is the presence of a supreme being. The Supreme Being exists in many names with different abilities depending on every religion. TheRead MoreDoes Religion Cause War653 Words   |  3 PagesReligion causes war. This is a matter of historical fact. Since time immemorial, men have fought each other in wars caused by religion. There are at least three instances by which religion causes war. The first is when people try to compel other people to adopt their religion or religious perspectives. This comes from our innate tendency to want other people to subscribe to our beliefs. That desire can be accompanied with a strong zeal such that if others are impervious to our peaceful approach

Cloning Essay Research Paper Nicole Pluta November free essay sample

Cloning Essay, Research Paper Nicole Pluta November 29, 1998 Scientific experimentation has led us to many great finds such as: Chemotherapy, bosom surgery, and bone marrow grafts. Recently scientists have discovered a new manner to mend worlds. This is known as cloning. Although they have yet to clone a homo they have cloned sheep. Cloning has brought up a immense contention among the American people. There are two sides to the narrative. Either you agree with cloning or you don? T. The lone manner to assist do that determination is to look at the good and bad points of cloning. There are many positive facets of human and non-human cloning. Human cloning engineering could be used to change by reversal the figure one slayer in the United States, bosom onslaughts. Scientists believe that they may be able to handle bosom onslaught victims by cloning their healthy bosom cells and shooting them into the countries of the bosom that have been damaged. We will write a custom essay sample on Cloning Essay Research Paper Nicole Pluta November or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There has besides been a discovery with human root cells. Embryonic root cells can be grown to bring forth variety meats or tissues to mend or replace damaged 1s. Skin burn victims, encephalon cells for the encephalon damaged, spinal cord cells for quadriplegics and paraplegics, Black Marias, lungs, livers, and kidneys could be produced. By uniting this engineering with human cloning engineering it may be possible to bring forth needful tissue for enduring people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditionss such as Alzheimer? s disease Parkinson? s disease, diabetes, bosom failure, and other jobs may be made curable by human cloning. ( ? Cloning to Salvage Lives? ) Now there are besides some ways that we are playing Gods through cloning. For illustration, sterile parents could easy hold a babe cloned utilizing their Deoxyribonucleic acid and adult females that are at high hazard for Down? s syndrome can avoid that hazard by cloning. Even though this sounds great we are fundamentally altering reproduction, as we have ever known it to be. gt ; There are besides many negative facets of cloning. To make different variety meats or limbs in order to assist a individual to populate longer or more comfortably seems to travel against nature. The manner human life should be created is through sexual intercourse. Harmond Varmus, a school teacher, said it best ; ? Human cloning represents a sedate onslaught on the self-respect of construct and on the right an unquotable, unpredetermined set of genes. ? To clone an animate being is about the same thing. We are playing with the manner worlds and animate beings have reproduced for old ages. Is it just that we clone and so kill an animate being merely for its variety meats in order to salvage a individual? s life? Scientists are non even certain that the animate being? s variety meats will be compatible with the human organic structure. Harmonizing to the Medical Research Modernization Committee ( MRMC ) , surveies have shown that biotech merchandises could increase some signifiers of h uman malignant neoplastic disease, limit the effectivity of antibiodicts, and do potentially fatal allergic reactions such as: human growing endocrine, L-Tryptoplan, human insulin, and genetically altered nutrients ) . ( ? Is Cloning the Way to Travel? ? ) Although scientific discipline has come a long manner in being able to protract human life by drugs and surgeries I think it should halt at that place. With cloning we are traveling against nature and the result of that can non be a good 1. I understand that cloning has its good facets and there are more grounds why cloning should be legal than why it shouldn? T but it is non right. Scientists are willing to clone people at what cost? I know that the book Frankenstein is a small different but look what happens in that book. The creation/monster turned on his Godhead and began killing people. How do we cognize that something like that will non go on? This is the sort of thing that happens when people start playing God, ? Human cloning would non ensue in indistinguishable psyches because merely God can make a psyche? James Geraghty said this when asked how he felt about cloning. ( ? Playing God Through Cloning? ) ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

Business Analysis and Interpretation for Landscaping Business

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Analysis and Interpretation for Landscaping Business. Answer: The monthly cash budget for the Landscaping Business for the three months ended 30 September 2016 is presented below: Particulars July August September Beginning cash balance $26,500 -$74,000 $61,800 Add: Budgeted cash Receipts Fees $1,40,000 $1,60,000 $2,00,000 Proceeds from sale of surplus non-current assets $1,00,000 Total cash available for use $1,66,500 $1,86,000 $2,61,800 Less: Cash disbursements Salaries and wages $70,000 $70,000 $70,000 Supplies $8,500 $9,200 $12,000 New Equipment $1,20,000 Purchase of plants $42,000 $45,000 $61,000 Total disbursements $2,40,500 $1,24,200 $1,43,000 Budgeted ending cash balance -$74,000 $61,800 $1,18,800 In case the business decides to lease the new equipment instead of buying it, the cash changed cash budget is presented below: Particulars July August September Beginning cash balance $26,500 $36,000 $1,61,800 Add: Budgeted cash Receipts Fees $1,40,000 $1,60,000 $2,00,000 Proceeds from sale of surplus non-current assets $1,00,000 Total cash available for use $1,66,500 $2,96,000 $3,61,800 Less: Cash disbursements Salaries and wages $70,000 $70,000 $70,000 Supplies $8,500 $9,200 $12,000 New Equipment $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 Purchase of plants $42,000 $45,000 $61,000 Total disbursements $1,30,500 $1,34,200 $1,53,000 Budgeted ending cash balance $36,000 $1,61,800 $2,08,800 From the above we see that if the company leases the new equipment, the ending cash balance is positive for all the three months whereas in the initial arrangement, when the company had bought the equipment and paid for it in the month of July, the ending cash balance of July was negative as cash payments were more than the cash receipts. It is very important for any business to maintain a positive cash balance at any given point in time because cash is required on a day to day basis to run the business operations smoothly. If the cash balance is negative, the company will have to borrow money from the bank and this borrowing will attract interest which is a finance cost to the company(Ross, Hillier, Westerfield, Jordan, 2012). Moreover as a result of leasing, the cost of the equipment will be evenly divided throughout the year. Hence, it is better to lease the new equipment in order to maintain a positive cash balance for all the three months. Question 2 Break even points in units = fixed costs / contribution margin Fixed costs = $402,800 Contribution margin = selling price per unit variable cost per unit Particulars 1 year old tree 2 year old tree 3 year old tree Total Selling price $20 $28 $45 $93 Variable cost per unit $12 $18 $27 $57 Contribution margin per unit $8 $10 $18 $36 Therefore, total break- even point in units = $402,800 / $36 = 11,189 units For per product break-even units, the total break-even units are divided between the products on the basis of the percentage of product sale in total sales. 1 year old tree 2 year old tree 3 year old tree Total Selling mix 125000 75000 50000 $2,50,000 Percentage share 0.5 0.3 0.2 1 Per product break-even point: 1 year old tree 2 year old tree 3 year old tree Total Percentage share 0.5 0.3 0.2 1 Break even units 5,594 3,357 2,238 11,189 b) The profit before tax for Landscaping business is presented below: 1 year old tree 2 year old tree 3 year old tree Total Selling price $20 $28 $45 Variable cost per unit $12 $18 $27 Contribution margin $8 $10 $18 Selling mix 1,25,000 75,000 50,000 250,000 Contribution margin $10,00,000 $7,50,000 $9,00,000 $26,50,000 Fixed costs $4,02,800 Profit before tax $22,47,200 In order to increase its profitability, the company is looking at increasing the sales of 3 year old trees while reducing the sale of 1 year old trees, resulting in an increase in fixed costs. The new profit before tax for the above change is calculated below: New sales mix 1 year old tree 2 year old tree 3 year old tree Total Sales mix 40% 30% 30% 100% Selling units 100,000 75,000 75,000 250,000 The profit before tax for the new initiate is given below: 1 year old tree 2 year old tree 3 year old tree Total Selling price $20 $28 $45 Variable cost per unit $12 $18 $27 Contribution margin $8 $10 $18 Selling mix 100,000 75,000 75,000 250,000 Contribution margin $10,00,000 $7,50,000 $9,00,000 $26,50,000 Fixed costs $4,52,800 Profit before tax $24,47,200 Looking at the above analysis, we do not recommend that the Landscaping business should go ahead with changing the sales mix by increasing the sales of 3 year old trees and reducing the sale of 1 year old trees as the profit margin has remained almost the same. The before tax profit margin for initial sales mix was 32.8% whereas the new sales mix has a profit margin of 32.7%. So we see there is no change in the profit margin. Though the total profits have increased by $200,000 but even the fixed costs have increased by $50,000. Thus the resulting increase in profits does not justify the increased fixed costs and hence the business should stick to the old sales mix. Currently the company is relying on two capital budgeting techniques ARR and IRR to decide between purchasing one of the two pieces of equipment. ARR is the accounting profit of the investment whereas IRR is the rate at which the NPV of the project is 0. Both ARR and IRR do not use discount rate of the investment in its calculations. However, it is very important to discount the future cash flows to present to incorporate the effect of inflation into the investment analysis. Generally companies use cost of capital as their discount rate if the risk of investment is similar to the existing business risks. Discount rate is required in calculation of NPV which is the most useful technique in capital budgeting analysis. Only if NPV of an investment is positive, other measures like ARR and IRR can be considered (Houston Brigham, 2016). No, the owner cannot rely solely on ARR and IRR to decide on the purchase of new equipment. Net present value (NPV) is the most effective capital budgeting technique used when deciding on a project. In order for an investment to be acceptable, the NPV of the project should be positive which means the cash inflows should be more than cash outflows. A positive NPV means the project is profitable. If the NPV of the project is negative with other capital budgeting techniques like ARR and IRR exceed the minimum required rate, still the project will be unacceptable because the NPV is negative. So in order to make a decision with regards to the investment in equipment, calculation of NPV is extremely important and the NPV should be positive. ARR does not consider the time value of money as the cash flows are not discounted, also ARR does not consider the cash flows and terminal value. If all the calculated returns exceed the entitys minimum rate, then we would recommend equipment B as it has a higher IRR. The investments are mutually exclusive, and even though both are acceptable as per the capital budgeting techniques, however since only has to be selected, we will consider IRR for making an investment decision. IRR is a better risk measuring technique as it considers the time value of money and all the cash flows are taken into consideration (Luckett, 1984) . For mutually exclusive projects, it is advisable to use IRR and project with a higher IRR is selected. Equipment B has a higher IRR at 18% as compared to Equipment A which has an IRR of 16%. Bibliography Houston, J., Brigham, E. (2016). Fundamentals of Financial Management. Australia: Cengage Learning US. Luckett, P. (1984). ARR vs. IRR: A REVIEW AND AN ANALYSIS. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting. Ross, S., Hillier, D., Westerfield, R., Jordan, B. (2012). Cash Management. McGraw Hill.

WTO Trade Winds A Changing Title an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

WTO Trade Winds: A Changing Title Fiji has undergone a crisis across the social, economic, political levels of the nation, with many Western countries criticizing the events have unfolded. Such events include the toppling of a democratically elected president and replacing it with a transition government. A new democratically elected government has been installed once again, but there seems to be more in store. Need essay sample on "WTO Trade Winds: A Changing Title" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Fiji has for long been burdened with foreign development models-mainly British and American- that have failed to work for the nation. Fiji is composed of less than one million people, with more than half of the population being native Fijian, 44 percent Fijian Indian, with the remaining being of Chinese, other Pacific Island and European backgrounds. One misleading notion has been that the problems in Fiji are due to ethnic tensions among the two major groups in the nation-the native Fijians and the Fijian Indians. However, this crisis is more of a cultural affair than the purported ethnic tensions in the nation. Fijian problems can best be understood from a cultural perspective-where there are two models of development competing against each other- and not ethnical divisions. The numerous 1980s coups resulted in well-intentioned attempts aimed at encouraging development. However, these efforts did not succeed because the governments did not put into consideration the cultural aspect. The development models favored by those administrations were founded on the principles of individual capitalism as practiced in the US and the UK. These models advocate for ideals such as the importance of self rather than society, individual initiative, and conspicuous consumption. This type of capitalism worked, to some extend, for the Fijian Indians and not the native Fijians. This led to the adoption of both individual capitalism and collective capitalism, bringing many problems for the nation. According to Lester Thurow (1997), there are two forms of capitalism in today's global economy namely the communitarian form -advocated for by the Japanese and Germans-and the individualistic form-by the Americans and the British. However, many more forms of capitalism can be added to this list, including the government directed form of capitalism practiced by the South East Asian economic dragons such as Singapore, China, Taiwan and South Korea- all of which have followed capitalism through differing paths (Friedman et al, 2002). Foreign development models should have been properly evaluated to identify their usefulness domestically before they were adopted in Fiji, or any other nation. This evaluation should have ensured that the models matched with the Fijian culture in order to sustain community, corporate and national development. For instance, down sizing was one such inappropriate model used in Fiji in the 1990s. This model worked well in America, where CEOs focused on short-term dividends for the shareholders and saw workers as a controllable budget line item. Moreover, corporatization and privatization found their way in Fiji, with downsizing being used to achieve these objectives. Although some organizations were able to save as a result of the downsizing, the overall expenditure increased due to social welfare and police programs (Friedman et al, 2002). It is beyond doubt that the best form of capitalism for the Fijian culture is the collective capitalism as opposed to individual capitalism. This is because collective capitalism focuses on key ideals such as sharing of resources, the importance of the community rather than an individual and group responsibility (Kelly and Kaplan, 2001). Collective capitalism is also in congruence with the Fijian culture because it does not interfere with the harmony and balance of the nation, corporation, community or the group. For instance, the Fijian village, which is the core of Fijian culture, is founded on the principles of collective capitalism as opposed to individual capitalism. Although the village system has been seen by some people-especially foreigners- as primitive, it is very important to the Fijians since it provides a number of basic human services that the central government is not able to provide (Friedman et al, 2002). The village fund has greatly helped many villages economically, especially those that lease out land to commercial enterprises such as hotels. Moreover, this system provides some form of social control and enculturisation for numerous people in the Fijian community. The existence of the villages in Fiji has greatly saved hundreds of thousands of Fijians from living in subhuman conditions in the urban areas. Fiji's crises can be attributed to the colonial legacies and the competing for prominence among the American and British capitalists, the Indian entrepreneurial models as well as the Fijian village. Unfortunately, Fiji's past leadership has always been in favor of the individual capitalism and underutilized the village model. This clash between development models has placed the Fijian commercial sector, as well as the government in some sort of dilemma leading to failure lack action on key problems facing the nation. It is evident that the development models are the cause of the Fijian problems and not ethnic tensions, which are only the symptoms. The only solution to the problems is to balance the approach to development by adopting a win-win model incorporating all stakeholders. Economic development should now strive to create wealth and not just revenue as is the case. References Friedman, H et al (2002) WTO Trade Winds-A Changing China, Harvard Asia Pacific Review Kelly, J and Kaplan, M (2001) Represented Communities: Fiji and World Decolonization, University of Chicago Press Thurow, L (1997) The Future of Capitalism-How Today's Economic Forces Shape Tomorrow's World, Penguin Books

Managing Organzation Change

Managing Organzation Change Free Online Research Papers Andy Warhol said, â€Å"They always say time changes things, but you actually have to change them yourself.† (quotation.com) Dr. Linden Frelick, president and CEO of Victoria Hospital, realized it was time to make some strategic changes in his hospital to survive and provide service to the local community. Due to external and internal forces such as economic pressures imposed by the government by cutting funding, increasing operational costs, stiff competition from nearby facilities, and an inefficient internal structure, Victoria Hospital had to change or it would perish. Therefore, Dr. Frelick proposed and implemented three strategies to assist the hospital to remain viable to the community it served. The three strategies Victoria Hospital employed consisted of, first, changing the organizational structure to meet patients’ needs, second, use technology to change work processes within the hospital, and third develop entrepreneurial opportunities to generate revenue for service no longer covered by health insurance. This paper will evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies against the four dimensions of change. But before we get into that, let take a look at why the four dimension of change are important. To effectively manage change, organizations need to utilize the four dimensions of change (strategy, resources, systems, and culture) to evaluate their strategy using an integration of these attributes to bring about change. These dimensions provide a structured plan to evaluate how an organization can gain a competitive advantage in the market place in order to improve their services or products to the customer. Since business strategy is how an organization dictates how it will compete, it is important to establish also how it will use its resource, systems, and culture to support the strategy. Application Analysis Strategy What needs changed? The internal organizational structure needed a facelift. The hospital used a traditional organizational hierarchical structure. This type of structure leads to each functional department to address their own particular needs instead of the needs of the entire organization. In additional, this type of structure allowed duplication of patient care services as well. Next they turned their attention to their internal processes that involved patient care delivery and the need to change the way they utilized their information systems. Resources The forming of care teams allowed Victoria to be more flexible and responsive to their environment instead of working in functional specific silos. This would allow the teams to provide services they do best and also by forming partnerships for those services that require additional expertise. Reorganizing the hospital’s functional departments to into a flat organizational structure would permit the communications to improve and deliver care to patients efficiently and reduce associated costs. Systems Within the medical community, the Patient Care Guidelines and Pathways is a set of researched recommendation on the delivery of patient care. These standards assisted in clinics looking at every care process to see what provided added value and reduce those that didn’t. (Leban Stone, 2008) Dr. Frelick vision includes realigning Victoria’s processes and restructuring the organization to take advantage of the guidelines. In addition, to changes to their internal processes, they have a desire to take advantage of technology to further provide quality service to their clients. By using an online clinical system, they will be able focus on providing clinical information to the entire organization along with the standard administrative and financial data. Culture The culture at Victoria was one of isolated functional groups. Each group only functioned and addressed their needs within their own department. The healthcare industry is moving to a more cross functional culture and Victoria’s current culture of silos cannot provide the flexible clinical services. Also, even though the executive has been made aware of the Dr. Frelick vision of a redesigned Victoria Hospital, they had various levels of interest in the program. In order for Victoria’s strategy to be successful, everyone has to be on board and sharing the vision. Lessons Learned What I have learned is that in order to implement any successful change, you need a plan and framework, and in this case the four dimensions of change is an excellent tool for evaluating how your well your strategy mingles and supports the resources, systems and culture of an organization. By using the four dimensions, managers can apply this evaluation tool to any situation where changes are required. ? References Leban, Bill Stone, Romuald . (2008). Managing Organization Change (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Quotation Page. â€Å"Andy Warhol Quotations.† Retrieved Jan. 22, 2009 from . Research Papers on Managing Organzation ChangeOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Fifth HorsemanArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Hate crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hate crimes - Research Paper Example Hate crimes include a diverse range of activities, however they are all intended to cause harm and embarrassment to the victims; bullying, verbal abuse, physical attack, destruction of property of the victim and hate mail. The victims may constitute of individuals, organizations or institutions. 2. Hate Crimes in US The authorities began collecting data about hate crimes in the early years of the last decade of the past century. United States of America has been considered as a land of opportunity in the history of the world, therefore it would not be wrong to explain it as an amalgamation of multiple ethnicities, cultures, races and religions. There exist extensive rights for the freedom of speech and expression that has given birth to alternate lifestyles, i.e. homosexuality. LCCR Education fund (2009) pointed out that due to the increasing homosexuals in the society; hate crimes, initiated out of bias against sexual orientation, have increased significantly for the past few years. All of these aspects have caused an increase in the degree of hate crimes in the country. FBI (2009) reported 6,598 hate crimes for the year 2009; the different types of hate crimes are as follows: 48.5 % crimes were initiated out of racial bias. 19.7 % crimes were motivated by religious bias. 18.5 % crimes were recorded as a result of sexual orientation bias. 11.8 % crimes took place due to national and ethnic bias. 1.5 % crimes involved disability bias. Stotzer (2007) also provided some interesting figures regarding the minorities or groups in US that are commonly targeted in the region: 8 in 100,000 African Americans face hate crimes every year. 12 in 100,000 Muslims become victims of hate crimes every year. 15 in 100,000 Jews have been recorded as victims of hate crimes every year. 13 in 100,000 homosexuals become targets of hate crimes every year. Figure 1: Estimated Hate Crimes in every 100,000 people (Stotzer, 2007) These figures have been issued by FBI; however American Psy chological Association (1998) stated that the correct statistics of hate crimes are not possible since numerous crimes are not even reported to the concerned authorities by the victims. Some of the reasons for such hesitancies include the consequences from the haters groups or criminals or the nature of the offense might not involve any physical harm or destruction of property. 3. Instances of Hate Crimes in History A massive scale of hate crimes initiated after the 11 September attacks in US in 2001. The terrorist acts killed thousands of innocent people and made even greater number of individuals victims of hate crimes in their daily lives. The individuals and communities who were made victims of the respective crimes in those days constituted of South Asians, Arabs and Muslims since the suspected terrorists belonged to those regions. African Americans have been made victims of hate crimes by having their churches burnt into ashes, bullied and harassed at numerous instances in the past history. 4. Effect of Hate Crimes on Individuals The victims are affected by hate crimes in differing ways. The duration and nature of the crime makes the experience different for the victims. Some of the affects are as follows: The victims feel vulnerable and insecure in the society as they start fearing for their own, as well as their family’s safety. The victims get suspicious of things and individuals around them, for example

JCB in India Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

JCB in India - Assignment Example Expanding into the emerging markets, such as China and India, would enable the JCB take advantage of the booming construction industry. The strategic rationale adopted by JCB was that it could gain a strategic advantage by focusing on less competitive markets that has high growth potential. JCB estimated that the Indian and Chinese markets were ripe and had huge growth potential in the future. The company could gain a competitive advantage by exploiting the first mover advantage in these markets (Delios & Kulwant, 2012). One of the benefits of being a first mover is the ability of a firm to capture the market ahead of their rivals and establish a powerful brand name and image. JCB would also be able to establish great sales volume and build an effective experience curve in the market ahead of its main rivals. The JCB Company experienced a number of problems the selection of the appropriate expansion strategy. Initially, JCB relied on exporting strategy to serve foreign and international markets. It would manufacture approximately three-thirds of its products in Britain and then export them to other nations in which it served. However, given the high tariff rates on direct exporting, this strategy became uneconomical. The alternative was for JCB to go alone in its operations in India, but this was impossible due to the tough government regulations, which required new companies to enter into joint venture arrangement with the locals. Another problem experienced by JCB was the risk of losing control over its technological expertise, which were its core competence and a major source of its competitive advantage. There were several opportunities for exploitation in the Indian and Chinese markets. Given that these markets were relatively new, less competitive and obviously unexploited, JCB was likely to incur less expansion costs and reap exceedingly from the growth potential (Delios & Kulwant,

The Film Memento by Christopher Nolan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Film Memento by Christopher Nolan - Essay Example Leonard meets Teddy an undercover cop who tries to help him with investigations. However, his help was not welcome, as Leonard did not trust him. Leonard got a tattoo of John Gs license plate the person he believes was responsible for the murder of his wife (Nolan 2001). During the attack, Leonard slays an assailant, after telling the police that a second attacker had escaped, the police refused to investigate and said the attacker was only one. This prompted Leonard to undertake his own investigations to get his wife’s killers. This supports that he did not kill his wife. In his mission for vengeance, he met Natalie. Natalie resented Leonard as he wore her boyfriend’s clothes and drove his car (Nolan 2001). Leonard met her after he responded to a note he found in his pocket. As he did not have a sharp memory, he did not remember that the clothes were not his (Waller 4). Upon meeting him and learning of his condition, she decided to use Leonard to drive a man named Dodd out of town. She even offered to help him run the license plates. Teddy warned Leonard against Natalie, but he could not trust Teddy. Natalie gained Leonard’s trust by allowing him to talk about his wife while she listened. Natalie knew then that he loved his wife and nothing would stop him from revenge (Nolan 2001). Although he carried on with a misguided plan, he still carried on believing he was serving justice for his wife’s death, so he could not be the murderer. Finally, Teddy directs Leonard to a building claiming there, he would find John G the murderer of his wife. On getting there Natalie’s boyfriend, Jimmy was in the building. On getting there, Jimmy whispers the name, Sammy.

Immediate and Late Effect of Cryotherapy on Balance

Immediate and Late Effect of Cryotherapy on Balance immediate and late effect of cryotherapy on balance IN HEALTHY SUBJECTs Abstract Background: cryotherapy application is commonly used as a physical therapy tools with many known advantage, however several research have reported decrease in subject balance which affect quality of movement following cryotherapy application, therefore the purpose of study to investigate the immediate and late effect of cryotherapy on ankle dominant joint on static balance and test the difference in static balance change between both sexes. Methods: thirty normal subjects, Subjects had their static balance tested during two conditions: (1) an experimental condition where the subject received the cryotherapy application by using cooled gel pack to the dominant ankle joint for 15 minutes immediately before static balance testing and (2) a control condition finished at room temperature. The order of testing condition was randomized by using a coin flip. Biodex balance system was used to measure static balance. Result: analysis of data using ANOVA and unpaired test ,show insignificantly statistically effect in all aspect of static balance within female group with p value of overall stability index =0.669,Anterior/posterior stability index =0.196 and medial/lateral stability index =0.989,insignificantly statistically effect in all aspect of static balance within male group with p value of overall stability index =0.382,Anterior/posterior stability index =0.552 and Medial/lateral stability index =0.46 and insignificant statistically difference between male and female in all aspect of static balance. Conclusion: The result of current study suggest that fifteen minutes of cold gel pack on ankle dominant extremity have no effect on static balance on both sexes . Key words: static balance, cryotherapy Introduction: cryotherapy therapy is a popular non-pharmacological intervention, The term cryotherapy was used in year 1908 by A.W. Pusey to describe the treatment of skin injuries with low temperatures[1,2] , The primary aim of cryotherapy is the removal of heat energy from the site of injury, in order to facilitate a therapeutic effect [3] by produces a number of physiological effects to the human body including a reduction in blood flow, edema, hemorrhage[4], cellular metabolic rate, hypoxia, enzymatic activity and tissue damage[5]. Cryotherapy has also been demonstrated to significantly increase the pain threshold and pain tolerance by reducing nerve conduction velocity and muscle spasm [6]. Cryotherapy often used in athletic and rehabilitation cases to manage injury during the immediate and rehabilitative phases [7]. Cryotherapy treats the muscle damage caused by High-intensity exercise including predominantly eccentric activity, unaccustomed activity, and exercise of long duration and/or high intensity which has been shown to induce an inflammatory response [8]. In spite of the characterized treatment advantage of cryotherapy, there are reduction in subjects performance variables are likely to occur after returning to normal movement immediately after cryotherapy application,[9]especially , decrease speed of running, muscle strength speed and agility measures have been noted after cryotherapy application over many anatomical areas and studies[10,11]. The ability to conserve postural control or balance is important for the correct carrying out of all daily activity ranging from standing and walking to sitting and standing from a chair [12]. Possessing the ability to conserve several positions, to react automatically to voluntary movements of the body, and to react to external disturbance represents a postural control domain needed in daily life [13]. The maintenance of balance is important in the prevention of injuries and this ability depends on proprioceptive input from capsuloligamentous and musculotendinous mechanoreceptors in combining with vestibular and visual input to the central nervous system (CNS)[14,15] . This input used in feedback and feed-forward loops to provide the proper neuromuscular response [16-17]. Variations in any of these inputs would disturb balance and increase the risk of injury [18]. There is also growing awareness that rehabilitation using cryotherapy has deleterious effects on balance, or return patients to their previous functional levels [19, 20].Quality of movement is important as strength of movement, and the key of movement quality is balance [21]. Even if a patient has regained full strength and range of motion, if they still have poor balance and proprioception, they are at risk for re-injury. During the management of acute distortion, cryotherapy is commended after the injury and in rehabilitation, ice application is supposed to promote the beginning of active exercise and its progression [7]. In practice it can happen that sportsmen are sent back to exercising or competition immediately after cryotherapy. Although the question is controversially discussed, if physical activities after ice application can be re-established without risk or increase liability to injury. This study takes up the problems if cryotherapy application at the ankle disrupts static balance so that an increased risk of injury could result and the study also clarify the immediate and late effect and test the difference in static balance between both sex. Methodology The current study was conducted at biomechanics laboratory at faculty of physical therapy, modern university, in the period from December 2015 to April 2016 to investigate the immediate and late effect of cryotherapy application on dominant ankle joint on static standing balance and test the difference in static balance between both sexes. Design of study Cross over (single repeated measurements) design used in this study to determine the immediate and late effect of cryotherapy application on dominant ankle joint on static standing balance and test the difference in the static standing balance between both sexes. Subjects A sample of thirty healthy normal subjects (fifteen male and fifteen female), subjects were recruited using publically distributed posters and by online social media. Subjects had their static balance examined during two situations: (1) an experimental situation where the subject received the cryotherapy application by using cooled gel pack to the dominant ankle joint for fifteen minutes immediately before static balance testing and (2) a control situation finished at room temperature. The order of examining situation was randomized by using a coin flip. Participant finished the control situation first immediately finished the experimental situation following assessment. Participants randomized to the cryotherapy situation first had the control session arranged at a separate time to confirm no lingering effects remain from the cryotherapy procedures. Subjects participate in the current study after approval of ethical committee of faculty of physical therapy, Cairo University with number P.T.REC/012/001035 and all subjects provided written informed consent. Subjects were included if their age range from 18 to 40 years [22] free from musculoskeletal diseases and neurological diseases affecting the lower limb. Excluded if had musculoskeletal disorders in lower limb, had infected skin diseases and loss of sensation, had Metabolic or vascular disease with neurological component such as diabetes, had previous ankle operation and had recent injury of ankle joint. Instrumentation Measurement instrumentation The device used in this study (Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, New York, USA) was a foot platform (circular in shape with a diameter of 21.5΄, which permits up to 20 ° tilting from horizontal in all directions), support rails that were adjustable from 25΄ to 36.5΄ above the platform, and could be swung away if desired, a display module whose height was adjustable from 53΄ to 68΄ above the platform and angle was adjustable from vertical back to 45 °, with a display viewing area of 24.8 ÃÆ'- 18.4 cm and a printer. This testing machine has 12 dynamic levels plus locked for static measurements [23]. Stability indexesthe stability index represents the variance of platform displacement in degrees from level. An increase in number indicate considerable motion, which indicates a problem with balance [24] . The participants ability to control the platforms angle of tilt was measured by the system and noted as a stability index. The data on the balance of the tested participants were supplied to the system. These data included anteroposterior stability index (APSI), mediolateral stability index (MLSI), and overall stability index (OSI). The smaller the amount of sway, the lower the numerical value of these indexes [24]. OSI: represented the variance of foot platform displacement in degrees, from level, in all motions during the test. A high number was indicative of considerable movement during this test. APSI: represented the variance of foot platform displacement, in degrees, from level, for motion in the sagittal plane. MLSI: represented the variance of foot platform displacement, in degrees from level, for motion in the frontal plane [24] . Therapeutic instrumentation: Reusable cold gel pack 25.4 x 48.1 cm. 5 +/- degree C [25] was frozen and wrapped with a towel and supported with elastic strap around the ankle joint of dominant lower extremity. Procedure Each participant received a verbal explanation about the test steps. When the system was on, the first displayed screen was the main menu. It allowed us to choose entering testing, training, or system utilities. Choosing to enter testing showed the next screen, which allowed determination of the test parameters such as test duration and the stability level chosen. The weight and height of the participant were recorded and the next screen was used for the centering process. The next screen was the stability test screen, where the start key was pressed to lock or unlock the platform and begin the test. A cursor appeared during the test tracing the movement of the platform while the clock counted till the time of the test ends. The next screen showed a menu. The examiner chooses the numeric report option on this screen to allow the participants numeric screen appear. Pressing start while on this screen initiates printing of the report, which includes the numeric values of the APSI, MLSI , and OSI (operation and service manual). Step 1: balance assessmentthe participants were tested without footwear and asked to perform two test trials before a specific test condition for the purpose of instrument familiarity before data collection. Then, the participant was first asked to assume the test position (standing on dominant foot) with arms held at the sides, eye closed and to attempt to control his/her balance as much as possible. Each participant was asked to center him/herself on the foot platform before starting the test. The test parameters introduced into the device were: Participants age , weight and height Stability level: all participants were tested on stability level 0 for 15 s. Then, the start key was pressed in the control panel (which took 5 s) with an auditory alarm just before the beginning of the test. The participant was instructed that the test was started just after the alarm. Each participant was instructed to maintain his/her balance for the period of the test. Three trials were performing prior to the measurement. There was report obtained at the end of each test include information on OSI, APSI, and MLSI. Step 2: cryotherapy application Reusable cold gel pack 25.4 x 48.1 cm. 5 +/- degree C was employed as the cryotherapy modality in this study. Application duration will be 15 minutes. Wrapping of pack by towel will applied all around ankle joint of domain extremity with towel in between .Two elastic straps will used to secure the ice pack. The subject will asked to relax during cryotherapy application to limit activity of muscle and lessen any change in temperature of tissue.Step 3: balance reassessmentthe participant was asked to repeat the same balance testing procedures directly after cryotherapy application, 30 minutes later and 60 minutes later to measure post OSI, MLSI, and APSI. Statistical analysis All statistical analysis were carried out by using SPSS,version 23 for windows; SPSS Inc., Chicago,Illinois,USA.the normality of data distribution was tested through the Shapiro-wilk test.Descriptive data for participants, characteristics was calculated as the mean, standard deviation and range minimum maximum of measured variables, ANOVA tests used to compare between pretest and posttest. Unpaired test used to compare between male and female. Level of significant will set at Results: General characteristics of the subjects: In this study, thirty subjects were assigned randomly, the range of the ages is between 18 to 40 years overall. There was no statistically significant differences between the groups in their ages as the p-value are 0.412. The range of the weight is between 50 to 105 kg. There was no statistically significant differences between the groups in their weight as the p-value are 0.214. The range of the Height is between 156 to 195 cm. There was no statistically significant differences between the groups in their weight as the p-value are 0.366. Table (1): Demographics Distribution Items Male Female Comparison Significant Mean ±SD Mean ±SD T-value P-value Age (years) 26.4  ± 6.08 25.533  ± 5.41 0.412 0.682 No Significant Weight (Kg) 70.89  ± 14.57 77.2  ± 5.41 -1.270 0.214 No Significant Height (cm) 165.27  ± 4.57 166.66  ± 6.41 -0.411 0.366 No Significant Figure. (1): Demographics Distribution As for the gender distribution, 15 subjects (50%) were male and 15 subjects (50%) were females. In addition, 26 subjects (86.7%) had their dominant right leg tested, and 4 subjects (13.3%) had their dominant left leg tested. Static Balance Pre-test The results are shown using the following table (2) and illustrated in figure (2). 1) Overall Stability Index Independent t-test was used to show difference between pretest for females and males. The female mean value of overall stability index (3.47à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.42) was significantly different from (5.04à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±2.31) with t test = -2.242 and p value = 0.033*. 2) A/P Stability Index Independent t-test was used to show difference between pretest for females and males. The female mean value of A/P Stability index (2.41 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 0.85) was significantly different from (3.393à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.65) with t test = -2.157 and p value = 0.043. 3) M/L Stability Index Independent t-test was used to show difference between pretest for females and males. The female mean value of M/L Stability index (2.01 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.08) was insignificantly different from (2.99à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.72) with t test = -1.887 and p value = 0.072. Table (2): The pre-test results for the Stability Indices Static Stability Index Overall Stability Index A/P Stability Index M/L Stability Index Pre-test for Females 3.67à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.41 2.407à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.85 2.01à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.08 Pre-test for Males 5.04à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±2.3 3.39à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.65 2.99à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.72 Independent t-value p value -2.492 0.033* Significant -2.157 0.045* Significant -1.884 0.072 Insignificant Data are expressed as mean  ± SD. P> 0.05= insignificant. *P Figure (2): The pre-test results for the Stability Indices Static B) Within Group (Females) The results are shown using the following table (3) and illustrated in figure (3).ANOVA F-test was used to show difference between pre and post-test in the stability indices. Overall Stability Index: The mean value was pretest (3.47à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.42) when compared with its corresponding no significant difference after assessment immediately (3.78à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.868), after 30 minutes (3.41 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 2.27), and after 60 minutes (4.29 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 2.86) with f test = 0.521 and p value = 0.66. A/P Stability Index: The mean value was pretest (2.41 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 0.85) when compared with its corresponding no significant difference after assessment immediately (2.47 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.52), after 30 minutes (2.14 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.27), and after 60 minutes (3.27 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.43) with f test = 1.616 and p value = 0.196. M/L Stability Index: The mean value was pretest (2.01 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.08) when compared with its corresponding no significant difference after assessment immediately (2.2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.07), after 30 minutes (2.12 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.84), and after 60 minutes (2.13 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.98) with f test = 0.04 and p value = 0.989. Table (3): The mean values and S.D of Stability Indices before starting and after the test for Females Static Data of evaluations Overall Stability Index A/P Stability Index M/L Stability Index Pre-test 3.47 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.42 2.41 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.85 2.01à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.08 Post-Immediate 3.73 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.868 2.47à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.52 2.2à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.07 Post-30 minutes 3.41 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 2.27 2.14à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.27 2.12à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.84 Post-60 minutes 4.29 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 2.86 3.27à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.43 2.13à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.98 F-value ANOVA 0.521 1.616 0.04 p value 0.669 Insignificant Difference 0.196 Insignificant Difference 0.989 Insignificant Difference Data are expressed as mean  ± SD. P> 0.05= insignificant. *P Figure (3): The mean values and S.D of Stability Indices before starting and after the test for Females Static D) Within groups (Males) The results are shown using the following table (4) and illustrated in figure (4). ANOVA F-test was used to show the difference between post-test in the stability indices. Overall Stability Index: The mean value was pretest (5.04à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±2.3) when compared with its corresponding no significant difference after assessment immediately (5.01à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.765), after 30 minutes (4.42à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±2.22), and after 60 minutes (3.95à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.56) with f test = 1.039and p value = 0.382. A/P Stability Index: The mean value was pretest (3.39à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.69) when compared with its corresponding no significant difference after assessment immediately (3.4à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.42), after 30 minutes (3.11à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.78), and after 60 minutes (2.67à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.416) with f test = 0.707and p value = 0.525. M/L Stability Index: The mean value was pretest (2.99à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.72) when compared with its corresponding no significant difference after assessment immediately (3.02à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.28), after 30 minutes (2.52à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.55), and after 60 minutes (2.33à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.02) with f test = 0.874and p value = 0.46. Table (4): The mean values and S.D of Stability Indices before starting and after the test for Males Static Data of evaluations Overall Stability Index A/P Stability Index M/L Stability Index Pre-test 5.04à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±2.31 3.39à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.65 2.99à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.72 Post-Immediate 5.01à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.765 3.4à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.42 3.02à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.28 Post-30 minutes 4.42à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 2.229 3.11à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.78 2.52à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.55 Post-60 minutes 3.95à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.56 2.67à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.42 2.33à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± 1.02 F-value ANOVA 1.039 0.707 0.874 p value 0.382 Insignificant Difference 0.552 Insignificant Difference 0.46 Insignificant Difference Data are expressed as mean  ± SD. P> 0.05= insignificant. * P Figure (4): The mean values and S.D of Stability Indices before starting and after the test for Males Static D) Post test results Static The results are shown using the following table (5) and illustrated in figure (5). Independent t-test was used to show difference between post-test in the stability indices. 1) Overall Stability Index Independent t-test was used to show difference between immediately post-test for females and males. The female mean value of overall stability index (3.73  ± 1.868) was insignificantly different from (5.01  ± 1.765) with t test = -1.913and p value = 0.063. Independent t-test was used to show difference between 30 minutes post-test for females and males. The female mean value of overall stability index (3.41  ± 2.27) was insignificantly different from (4.42  ± 2.229) with t test = -1.227and p value = 0.23. Independent t-test was used to show difference between 60 minutes post-test for females and males. The female mean value of overall stability index (4.29  ± 2.86) was insignificantly different from (3.95  ± 1.56) with t test = 0.415 and p value = 0.682. Stability Index Immediate 30 Minutes 60 Minutes Overall Stability Index Post-test for Females 3.73  ± 1.868 3.41  ± 2.27 4.29  ± 2.86 Post-test for Males 5.01  ± 1.765 4.42  ± 2.229 3.95  ± 1.56 Independent t-value p value -1.913 0.063 Insignificant -1.227 0.23 Insignificant 0.415 0.682 Insignificant Table (5.a): The mean values and S.D of Overall Stability Index post-test for both Females and Males-Static Data are expressed as mean  ± SD. P> 0.05= insignificant. * P Figure (5.a): The mean values and S.D of Overall Stability Index post-test for both Females and Males-Static 2) A/P Stability Index Independent t-test was used to show difference between immediate post-test for females and males. The female mean value of A/P Stability index (2.47  ± 1.52) was insignificantly different from (3.4  ± 1.42) with t test = -1.699and p value = 0.1. Independent t-test was used to show difference between 30 minutes post-test for females and males. The female mean value of A/P stability index (2.14  ±1.27) was insignificantly different from (3.11  ± 1.78) with t test = -1.723and p value = 0.096. A/P Stability Index Immediate 30 Minutes 60 Minutes A/P Stability Index Post-test for Females 2.47  ± 1.52 2.14  ± 1.27 3.27  ± 1.43 Post-test for Males 3.4  ±1.42 3.11  ± 1.78 2.67  ± 1.42 Independent t-value p value -1.699 0.1 Insignificant -1.723 0.096 Insignificant -0.925 0.363 Insignificant Independent t-test was used to show difference between 60 Minutes post-test for females and males. The female mean value of A/P stability index (3.27  ± 1.43) was insignificantly different from (2.67  ± 1.42) with t test = -0.925 and p value = 0.363. Table (5.b): The mean values and S.D of A/P Stability Index post-test for both Females and Males-Static Data are expressed as mean  ± SD. P> 0.05= insignificant. * P Figure (5.b): The mean values and S.D of A/P Stability Index post-test for both Females and Males-Static 3) M/L Stability Index Independent t-test was used to show difference between immediate post-test for females and males. The female mean value of M/L Stability index (2.2 ±1.07) was insignificantly different from (3.02  ± 1.28) with t test = -1.898and p value = 0.068. Independent t-test was used to show difference between 30 Minutes post-test for females and males. The female mean value of M/L stability index (2.12  ± 1.84) was insignificantly different from (2.52  ± 1.55) with t test = -0.656and p value = 0.518. Independent t-test was used to show difference between 60 Minutes post-test for females and males. The female mean value of M/L stability index (2.13  ± 1.98) was insignificantly different from (2.33  ± 1.02) with t test =0.097and p value = 0.729. Table (5.c): The mean values and S.D of M/L Stability Index post-test for both Females and Males-Static M/L Stability Index Immediate 30 Minutes 60 Minutes M/L Stability Index Post-test for Females 2.2  ± 1.07 2.12  ± 1.84 2.13  ±1.98 Post-test for Males 3.02  ± 1.28 2.52  ± 1.55 2.33  ± 1.02 Independent t-value p value -1.898 0.068 Insignificant -0.656 0.518 Insignificant 0.097 0.729 Insignificant Data are expressed as mean  ± SD. P> 0.05= insignificant. * P Figure (5.c): The mean values and S.D of M/L Stability Index post-test for both Females and Males-Static Discussion: The purposes of the study were To determine the immediate and late effect of cryotherapy on the dominant ankle joint on static balance and To determine the difference in static balance changes between both sexes. Our result revealed that the females have significant difference in static balance than male when measured before application of cold gel pack to ankle dominant extremity with p value of overall stability index = 0.033 , p value of A/P stability index=0.043 and not for ML stability index with p value of =0.072. Our result revealed that after using cold gel pack to ankle dominant extremity for 15 minutes has no statistically significant difference on all aspect of static balance in female group. In over stability index there was no statistically significant difference after assessment immediately, after 30 minutes and after 60 minutes with p value =0.66. In over A/P stability index there was no statistically significant difference after assessment immediately, after 30 minutes and after 60 minutes with p value =0.196. and In over M/L stability index there was no statistically significant difference after assessment immediately,

The Modern Women Essay -- Gender Roles, Blaxploitation

Common misrepresentations of women are said to be that they are weak and inferior to men in which American society continuously place women in these roles within domestic, political, economic, and social settings. The public rarely pays tribute to the feminine heroine because she is unrecognized and unseen in American culture. However, during the 1960s to 1970s, African-American female representation has changed the way we define femininity and the modern woman through the genre known as Blaxploitation. Blaxploitation was a genre created for the black and urban audiences which highlighted black unity and empowerment. With this, the â€Å"ideal† black woman has changed. Through the workings of Edward Guerrero, Eithne Quinn, and Yvonne Sims, I am going to explain the key origins and definitions of Blaxploitation in which Guerrero takes a socioeconomic standpoint and Quinn and Sims value a more social view. With Quinn’s and Sims’s point-of-views, I will argue that B laxploitation have altered the ideas of African-American female representation in which characters like Foxy Brown have assumed masculine traits, thus, making her a stronger female. Lastly, I will discuss what Guerrero is missing in relation to the black female representation compared the real world. According to Edward Guerrero, the origins of Blaxploitation occurred during the Civil Rights Movement as a film strategy for the deteriorating film industry. During 1960, profits from the box office decreased from $60 million to $15 million; however, in 1967, one-third of the black population added to the box office gross and Hollywood used this fact towards making a profit .The large African-American population within the movie industry was due to their desire to spectate black... ...tion and is only limited to his socioeconomic argument. Although authors like Guerrero, Quinn, and Sims have different observations of their origins and definitions of Blaxploitation, they can all agree the notion of how it was popular among African-American audiences. Guerrero argues that Blaxploitation was a mockery of Black Nationalism and was created for the sole-purpose of profit of Hollywood. Also, Quinn believes that Blaxploitation was created after the Civil Rights movement to highlight individualism and needs of the powerful black male in which these traits portrays the male as violent and sexual; and lastly, Sims adheres to the idea that female characters later embodied these traits to illustrate the important of women in film. Unlike Quinn and Sims, Guerrero does not see the important of the gender dynamics of the black heroine within Blaxploitation. The Modern Women Essay -- Gender Roles, Blaxploitation Common misrepresentations of women are said to be that they are weak and inferior to men in which American society continuously place women in these roles within domestic, political, economic, and social settings. The public rarely pays tribute to the feminine heroine because she is unrecognized and unseen in American culture. However, during the 1960s to 1970s, African-American female representation has changed the way we define femininity and the modern woman through the genre known as Blaxploitation. Blaxploitation was a genre created for the black and urban audiences which highlighted black unity and empowerment. With this, the â€Å"ideal† black woman has changed. Through the workings of Edward Guerrero, Eithne Quinn, and Yvonne Sims, I am going to explain the key origins and definitions of Blaxploitation in which Guerrero takes a socioeconomic standpoint and Quinn and Sims value a more social view. With Quinn’s and Sims’s point-of-views, I will argue that B laxploitation have altered the ideas of African-American female representation in which characters like Foxy Brown have assumed masculine traits, thus, making her a stronger female. Lastly, I will discuss what Guerrero is missing in relation to the black female representation compared the real world. According to Edward Guerrero, the origins of Blaxploitation occurred during the Civil Rights Movement as a film strategy for the deteriorating film industry. During 1960, profits from the box office decreased from $60 million to $15 million; however, in 1967, one-third of the black population added to the box office gross and Hollywood used this fact towards making a profit .The large African-American population within the movie industry was due to their desire to spectate black... ...tion and is only limited to his socioeconomic argument. Although authors like Guerrero, Quinn, and Sims have different observations of their origins and definitions of Blaxploitation, they can all agree the notion of how it was popular among African-American audiences. Guerrero argues that Blaxploitation was a mockery of Black Nationalism and was created for the sole-purpose of profit of Hollywood. Also, Quinn believes that Blaxploitation was created after the Civil Rights movement to highlight individualism and needs of the powerful black male in which these traits portrays the male as violent and sexual; and lastly, Sims adheres to the idea that female characters later embodied these traits to illustrate the important of women in film. Unlike Quinn and Sims, Guerrero does not see the important of the gender dynamics of the black heroine within Blaxploitation.

Network Methodology Essay

We surveyed much more about t Ncell through the use of various sources. Through these surveys we came to know about different aspects about Ncell. But we tried to get more insight of the consumers or the users of Ncell . With this prime motives we all decided to conduct a small Consumer Feedback Survey among the users of Ncell. We asked them the close ended questionnaire as a part of our primary survey . These questionnaire were distributed among the 20 Ncell users To know the diversified customers response we have selected the respondents from many sector llike professionals, Students , housewife and so on. The nature of our questionare were solely based on the satisfaction level,attitude towards product ,features of products. The sample of the questionnaire is presented below: Customer Feedback Survey-Questionnaire Name: Address: Contact: Email: Profession: Please tick the appropriate options Q. 1. What is your view on network quality of Ncell ? a) Excellent b)Good c)Average d)Below Average Q. 2. Which service of Ncell do you use most? a)Call b) GPRS/3G c)Data card d)others Q. How expensive do you think is the price of Ncell service? a)Cheap b)Satisfactory c)Expensive d)Comparatively expensive Q. 4 How much money ( in average )do you spend in Ncell ? a)less then 100 b)R. S 100-250 C)R. S 250- 500 d)R. S 500 and above Q. 5 How does the feedback and customer care service respond to your problems ? a)Very Fast b)Average C)Satisfactory d)Slow response Q. 6 How is Advertising of Ncell? a) Persuasive b) Reinforcing c) Reminding d) Informative Q. How often do you get bonus scheme or offer fro m Ncell ? a) Frequently b) Very often c) Sometimes d) Rarely Q. 8 If you are using Ncell Internet service, how is it? a) Very fast b) comparatively fast c) Moderate d) slow Q. 9 What factor influenced you to purchase Ncell service? a) Media advertisement b) Hoarding board c) word of mouth d) References e) Non Q. 10 Do you have any suggestions that would help us to improve our Ncell service? Signature of the customer: Thank you for your kind cooperation Major Findings From the customer survey that we conducted with 20 different Ncell customers we have found some crucial results. According to them the network quality of Ncell service is good however some of them said it is excelled. Likewise talking about the services provided by Ncell many of them are using call and GPRS service, the majority of GPRS users are youth among them. Another important result we have found about the price that Most of the respondent said it is comparatively expensive (which mean the Ncell Price is expensive than its major rival NTC). However the service within the Ncell subscriber is not that expensive. The major factors affecting to purchase of Ncel Service are Media advertisement, hoarding board, word of mouth and references respectively. Moreover the advertising of the Ncell is more reinforcing according to the respondents however some of them said it is informative e also. Considering the aforementioned survey discussion now we would like to show here some figures and chart to understand the findings in more specific way.

Examples of Plural Tantum in English

Examples of Plural Tantum in English Plurale tantum is a  noun that appears only in the plural and doesnt ordinarily have a singular form (for example, jeans, pajamas, tweezers, shears, and scissors). Also known as a lexical plural. Plural:  pluralia tantum. Jeans, scissors, trousers, and glasses are great examples of plural tantum  nouns in the English language. Singular Tantum A noun that appears only in the singular formsuch as dirtis known as singulare tantum. Etymology of Plural Tantum Latin  for plural only Examples and Observations Richard Lederer [in Crazy English, 1990] asks, Doesnt it seem just a little loopy that we can make amends but never just one amend; that no matter how carefully we comb through the annals of history, we can never discover just one annal; that we can never pull a shenanigan, be in a doldrum, or get a jitter, a willy, a delerium tremen, a jimjam, or a heebie-jeebie? Lederer is alluding to pluralia tantum: Nouns that are always plural. Because they are not the result of pluralizing a singular, the complete plural form, -s and all, has to be stored in memory. Pluralia tantum in a sense are irregular regulars, and indeed they are happy to appear inside compounds: almsgiver (not almgiver), arms race (not arm race), blues rocker (not blue rocker), clothesbrush, Humanities department, jeans maker, newsmaker, oddsmaker, painstaking.(Steven Pinker, Words and Rules. Basic Books, 1999) Items of Clothing Lets take a look at other pluralia tantum in the pants/trousers family:(Mark Liberman, Language Log, Feb. 15, 2007) Outergarments: pants (orig. pantaloons), trousers, slacks, breeches/britches, bloomers, jeans, dungarees, bell bottoms, chinos, tights, shorts, trunks, Bermudas (extended to brand names: Levis, 501s, Wranglers, Calvins)Undergarments: underpants, long johns, skivvies, drawers, panties, knickers, boxers, briefs, undies, tighty-whities (extended to brand names: BVDs, Fruit of the Looms, Jockeys) How to Turn Lexical Plurals Into Count Nouns Nouns for articles of dress consisting of two parts are also treated as plural: [A] Where ​are my trousers?[B] They are in the bedroom where you put them. But such plural nouns can be turned into ordinary count nouns by means of a pair of or pairs of: I need to buy a new pair of trousers.How many pairs of blue jeans do you have? (Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik, A Communicative Grammar of English, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2013) Lexical Concepts, Not Linguistic Classes The definitional property of having no singular turns out to be shallow and sometimes accidental, often (as in English) practically impossible to define and circumscribe. The state of affairs resembles the status of the mass-count distinction. . . . While they remain necessary as descriptive concepts, mass and count cannot be defined as grammatical properties of lexical items outside of a context, as Borer (2005) cogently shows. In the same way, I think, pluralia and singularia tantum are indispensable descriptive concepts, but they are not genuine linguistic classes. Therefore, we cannot build a notion of lexical plurals around that of pluralia tantum.(Paolo Acquaviva, Lexical Plurals: A Morphosemantic Approach. Oxford University Press, 2008)

Diamonds Are a Capitalists Best Friends essays

Diamonds Are a Capitalist's Best Friends essays Everyone knows that we as humans need only a few material things for survival (food, clothing, and shelter). Yet, the capitalist society in which we live today is centered around the production, marketing, and exchange of commodities (no matter how trivial and useless they may be). It follows then that capitalists, in their constant search for profit, must engineer reasons for us to buy their products. They must convince us that while yes, we can live without them, we cannot live happily without them. They do this by attributing seemingly magical personalitites to those products. This fetish, which is exemplified in every diamond ring, converts societal relations involving people into relations involving things. Since labor has become abstract, we are no longer conscious of the methods of human labor that produces commodities, and we are thus left with only the market factions to classify the value of these goods-and the qualities of our lives. To deepen our understanding, let us first examine what a commodity is and why its so special. A commodity is anything produced for exchange-by its properties it satisfies some type of human desire. The odd thing about a commodity is it leads a double life so to speak. It is a product of labour made not just for use, but for exchange. Once a product has been put up for sale it obtains an attribute that is not naturally there -exchangeablitiy. For example, a diamond can be used for its asthetics or to cut glass (its use-value), or it can be sold for money(its value). Interestingly, before capitalism, production in most parts of the world was production for use. Aristotle said that of everthing we posses there are two uses. One is the proper use, the second is improper. A sandal, for example, is properly used as footwear. But this same sandle can also be exchanged for food or money. It is true, exchange is also a use; but it is not the proper or primary way a sand...

GENETIC VARIATION IN B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE PATHWAY AFFECTS BNP Research Proposal

GENETIC VARIATION IN B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE PATHWAY AFFECTS BNP LEVEL in the diagnosis of Heart failure - Research Proposal Example To help establish the outcomes, the study will be embedded on extracting DNA samples from 80 patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization and analyzing with exclusion done on patients with elevated troponin. This will be driven by a detailed data collection including laboratory, standard demographic, catheterization and echocardiographic data. The Genotype will be evaluated at 19 loci on five BNP’s pathway relevant genes (Knowles, Erickson, Guy et al, 2003). To access the incremental influence of the genetic variants, the researcher will employ the Multivariate linear regression of logBNP model adjusted for clinical variables. The proposal will thus try to help properly incorporate the use of NPs to improve the levels of accuracy with respect to decisions made in an emergency setting to curb the missed incidence of diagnostic failures for HF. This will be measured by reduced cases of fatigue, dyspnea, and fluid retention that are all predisposing factors to HF based on cardiac dysfunction hence presenting difficulties in diagnosing HF. The missed incidence are hence strongly correlate to highly significant mortality increases, presenting the need for designing effective diagnostic tools with higher degrees of specification and sensitivity that if employed, can help weed out the increased cases of HF missed diagnose s and particularly, in the busy Heart failure is characterized by its typical but non-specific symptoms like fatigue, dyspnea and fluid retention caused by dysfunction of cardiac which present daunting challenges for diagnosis of HF culminating into increased missed incidence hence higher mortality rates. For this reason, the topic has captured the attention of various researchers to help design effective mechanism and approaches that can be used during diagnosis to detect this catastrophic cardiovascular disease quickly and accurately. For instance, to gauge the potentiality of NPs in augmenting the clinical judgment and/or standard

Display design for or a museun, gallery, shop ,church, palace or Essay - 1

Display design for or a museun, gallery, shop ,church, palace or temporary exhibition - Essay Example The display remains steady and usable to date a feature that portrays the appropriateness off the display and subsequent renovations done to the facility that have sustained the position of the display thereby finding the display some relevance among the display and architectural accolades in the contemporary society as the essay below portrays. The portrayal of space comes naturally to the display of the church; the freestanding display has specific features that facilitate free movement of people, lighting, and aeration thereby facilitating its sustainability. The cathedral exemplifies effective consumption of space as it houses numerous offices of the diocese and the parish. From the large church with a naval height of twenty two meters and the numerous compartments throughout the floor that serve as offices to the dioceses, the cathedral is self-sustaining with the displayers ensuring that key features of the cathedral such as lighting, aeration and the management of the temperature remained self-sustained. The numerous compartments that extend to the heights of the towers do not obstruct the doors and windows. The church hall therefore extends to the walls all-round the display thereby perpetuating the free flow of light and air that keeps the church aerated throughout the service. Additionally, the displayers ensured that all the rooms and compartments in the cathedral remained easily accessible depending on their relevance to the main church. Display is a fundamental feature of the display that the displayers considered. The displayers ensured that the display remained elegant to date. Among the elements of display the cathedral exemplify include presentation. The freestanding cathedral enjoys glamorous ambience arising from the large and stylishly displayed laws to the strong tall towers that earns the cathedral its towering attribute in the neighborhood. As explained earlier, aeration, lighting and

Disputes settlement mechanisms Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15750 words

Disputes settlement mechanisms - Dissertation Example The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is significant in resolving international trade disputes.This Research work deals with the various Trade Dispute Settlement mechanisms adopted at the international level and concentrates upon their current status, with a special focus on the WTO mechanisms. The literature review analyses the effectiveness of the WTO trade dispute mechanism, in resolving international trade disputes. The main focus of this research pertains to the WTO dispute settlement mechanisms among nations. This sort of research is important in order to assess and analyse the various dispute settlement mechanisms available to member nations, involved in disputes.The research approach adopted in this dissertation is the qualitative method. The findings from this research suggest that the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO is ineffective. The main conclusions drawn from this work are; power imbalance among members and non – binding nature of the decisions are some of the i mportant reasons for ineffective dispute settlement mechanisms of WTO. The dispute resolution system is influenced by power imbalances between the disputants, and this requires to be corrected. A major drawback with this dispute resolution system is the protracted nature of the process. This causes untold damage to a developing country engaged in litigation with a developed country. It would be in the fitness of things to reduce this time to a minimum. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 Chapter 1 3 Introduction 3 Overview of the Dispute Settlement Understanding 10 Chapter II 17 Methodology 17 Introduction 17 Purpose of the Study 17 Research Questions 18 Statement of the Problem 18 Organisation of the Study 18 Research Methodology 19 Chapter III 21 Literature Review 21 Case Law 52 Chapter IV 56 Discussion and Analysis 56 Chapter V 61 Conclusions and Recommendations 61 References 66 Books 66 Journal Articles 67 Case law 68 Websites 68 Other Sources 71 International Trade Disputes Settlement Mechanisms Chapter 1 Introduction The World Trade Organisation (WTO) plays an important role in global trade. It resolves trade disputes and constitutes a forum for international trade negotiations. Furthermore, the WTO monitors international trade policies and regulates trade agreements between parties. Its secretariat is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and this organisation boasts of 153 nations as members, as on the 23rd of July 2008.1 WTO establishes a forum for trade related discussions and it supervises international trade policies and regulates trade agreements. Nearly a fourth of the disputes between the members of the WTO are settled by means of mediation and negotiation. In order to address situations, wherein mediation and negotiation prove to be futile, the WTO introduced the Dispute Settlement Mechanism.2 The Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) play an important role in international trade. This mechanism involves less time and expenditure, in comparison to the dispute se ttlement mechanism of GATT. 3 This principle was established under the Public International Law of the Charter of the United Nations.4 The RTAs do not permit a member to block the commencement of disputes, establishment of a panel or the adoption of a report by the panel. The drafters of the RTA had included the more important aspects of the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding. Although this dispute settlement mechanism had a number of advantages, the parties were found to be unwilling to resort to this mechanism. Instead, they resorted to the procedure under the WTO, as it adopted previous decisions under the concept of stare decisis. The precedence system ensures certainty in the decision making process, and there is no such practice under the RTA system. Thus, the disputing parties exhibit a greater willingness to approach the WTO forum rather than that of the RTA.5 The disputing parties would prefer to have the option to appeal against the decision of the dispute resol ution mechanism. This facility is not available under the RTA mechanism. In addition,

Motivation and Compensation Essay Example for Free

Motivation and Compensation Essay Attrition problems occur when an organization is going through changes. Magic Graffix seems to be having problems with recruiting, training, and retaining employees. The gradual reduction of a workforce by employees leaving and not being replaced rather than by their being laid off is called attrition. Attrition can be explained after a little digging to see where the problem actually occurs. The problem of diminishing employees for Magic Graffix is happening because the employees are not motivated to complete the task at hand. HR has been assigned a budget to come up with a plan to correct the problem. A number of steps must occur to correct the attrition such as finding out why the problems exist and trying to see how to make it better gradually. Attrition starts when employees start to leave an organization. The question is when it is first noticed what can be done to correct the issue so that it does not get any worse. The Magic Graffix simulation enables suggestions that would help in escalating the problem and correcting it. Conducting an employee survey, as well as commissioning, â€Å"Who is Smiling† is the first steps to combating the problem. The employee survey will allow the organization to get a feel or sense of how the employee thinks and what he or she is feeling towards the organization. The survey will also allow for seeking any areas that need improvement as the employee see it. Commissioning, â€Å"Who is Smiling† will allow the organization to see how other employees in similar organizations feel about the industry and his or her organization. The next step was to determine the needs of the employee in each area of the organization. I have decided that employees are less concerned with his or job descriptions or the training provided; however they are concerned with benefits and compensation so this is an area that needs to be looked into closely. Our employees want to be compensated for a job well done; he or she would like to have a salary that is comparable to others in the industry. Pay is a key motivating factor for the employees, so correcting the pay scale is a good place to start. The employees are also not concerned with the recruiting techniques. In the future after correcting the pay scale and making the pay more in-line with similar organizations Magic will look into other aspects of training for upward mobility. The next task was to identify Business Delivery needs. What I have chosen should boost morale throughout the department. Game credits will allow the developer to see that he or she is valued by the organization. It will also boost self-esteem and awareness of his or her skill in the industry. Personal projects will allow the developer to showcase his or her skills. This will allow him or her to flaunt the creative mind that he or she was hired for. Telecommuting opportunities in today’s industry is crucial to the success of an organization. As a gaming developer they need to feel comfortable when working. It may be feasible to offer telecommuting to the software and developer personnel. Telecommuting will allow for personal freedom to get the task completed in a timely manner. Developers and software personnel get burnout therefore it may be nice to offer a mini sabbatical. This will allow him or her time off to get things put in order. Time to get his or head in the right place is always a necessity. If allowed the mini sabbatical the employee will come back refreshed and invigorated full of new ideas. Compensation and benefits is an instant motivator for an employee. It would be a wise decision to structure pay and incentives around the type of job that is done by the employee for the organization. Spot performances, group incentives, individual incentives, and lump sum merit awards are the choices to support compensation and incentives. Magic has people that work as a part of a team and also individually therefore the pay, rewards, and incentives should be set up around the job title. The simulation has great ideas to correct the attrition problem however there are a few ideas that should be looked into. The first idea is the recruitment techniques. Magic has done the homework and analyzed the needs of the organization as well as the employee, putting this to use is the key to success. A recruitment plan to hire the best employee would include group or series interviewing techniques because this will allow for the organization to get a feel for the candidate and the candidate a feel for the people he or she would be working with. I would also recommend testing on the software the organization is currently using, because this will allow the organization to determine the individual skill level to complete the task. Once the person is hired it would be beneficial to sit with him or her at intervals along the way to determine if the organization is meeting his or her individual needs. At each interval the person is evaluated on his or her production and also areas are pointed out that need work. The employee will also be allowed time to give feedback to the organization. Magic Graffix is currently in a position to improve the way they utilize the employees. Magic is currently faced with trying to retain its employees as they are leaving for better jobs within the industry. Magic needs to make itself more competitive in the industry. Making the organization more competitive and offering key incentives will allow Magic to recruit the best candidates for the job.